The Predators of Sea Turtles

Sea turtles have hard shells (called carapaces) that help protect them, but they still have predators. They are also more vulnerable than land turtles because unlike land turtles, sea turtles are unable to retract their heads or flippers into their shell. Predators of Sea Turtle Eggs and Hatchlings There are some predators of sea turtles as adults, but these marine reptiles are most vulnerable when in the egg and as hatchlings (small turtles recently emerged from the egg). Predators of eggs and hatchlings include dogs, cats, raccoons, boars, and ghost crabs. These animals may dig up a sea turtle nest to get to the eggs, even if the nest is 2 feet below the surface of the sand. As hatchlings start to emerge, there is a scent of egg that still is on their bodies, plus the smell of wet sand. These scents can be detected by predators even from a distance. According to the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, threats to turtles in Georgia include the above, plus feral hogs and fire ants, which can threaten both eggs and hatchlings. Once hatchlings emerge from the egg, they need to get to the water. At this point, birds such as gulls and night herons can become an additional threat. According to the Sea Turtle Conservancy, as few as one in 10,000 sea turtle eggs reach adulthood. Olive ridley turtles nest in huge groups called arribadas. These arribadas can attract animals such as vultures, coatis, coyotes, jaguars, and raccoons, who may gather near the beach even before the arribada begins. These animals dig up nests and eat eggs and prey on nesting adults. Predators of Adult Sea Turtles Once turtles make their way to the water, both juveniles and adults can be prey for other ocean animals, including sharks (especially tiger sharks), orcas (killer whales), and large fish, such as grouper. Sea turtles are built for life in the water, not on land. So adults can also be vulnerable to predators such as dogs and coyotes when they go up upon beaches to nest. Sea Turtles and Humans If turtles survive their natural predators, they still face threats from humans. Harvest for meat, oil, scutes, skin, and eggs decimated turtle populations in some areas. Sea turtles face development on their natural nesting beaches, which means they have to contend with such things as artificial light, and loss of habitat and nesting sites due to construction and beach erosion. Hatchlings find their way to the sea using natural light, the slope of the shore, and the sounds of the ocean and coastal development can interrupt these cues and make hatchlings crawl in the wrong direction. Turtles may also be caught as bycatch  in fishing gear, which was such a problem that turtle excluder devices were developed, although their use is not always enforced.   Pollution such as marine debris is another threat. Discarded balloons, plastic bags, wrappers, discarded fishing line, and other trash may be mistaken by a turtle for food and be accidentally ingested, or the turtle may become entangled. Turtles may also be struck by boats. How to Help Sea Turtles A sea turtles life may be fraught with danger. How can you help? If you live in a coastal area: Dont feel wildlife - you may attract turtle predators.Dont let your dog or cat run loose.Watch for sea turtles when boating.Do not disturb or shine lights near nesting sea turtles.Turn off outside, ocean-facing lights during sea turtle nesting season.Pick up litter on the beach. Wherever you live: Dispose of trash responsibly, and keep a lid on your trash when its outside. Trash even far from the ocean can make its way there eventually.Never release balloons - always pop them and dispose of them in the trash. Use balloon alternatives whenever possible during your celebrations.If you eat seafood, research what you eat and eat seafood that is caught without threatening turtles.Support sea turtle conservation/rehabilitation organizations, even international ones. Sea turtles are highly migratory, so recovery of turtle populations depends on protection in all their habitats. References and Further Information: Network for Endangered Sea Turtles. Accessed May 30, 2013.Sea Turtle Conservancy. Sea Turtle Threats: Invasive Species Predation. Accessed May 30, 2013.Spotila, J. R. 2004. Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore and London.The Georgia Sea Turtle Center. Threats to Sea Turtles. Accessed May 30, 2013.

Comparing Ancient Egyptian And Chinese Social Structures

Willow Clark Hist 1110-04 World Civilizations September 29, 2015 Similarities in Early Egyptian and Chinese Social Structures When studied, early complex civilizations naturally settled in groups and developed social hierarchies. Whatever the emerging culture, there must of course be a leader. Whether it is a warrior protecting the group from warring neighbors, forcing his way to the head of the pack, or a wise and eloquent father figure, gently guiding and imparting knowledge to his subjects, in order for a society to function there must be a leader for the people to follow. Jared Diamond claimed that the emergence of social elites and eventually kings were dependent on the establishment or sedentary cultures, according to him, â€Å"only in farming populations could a healthy, non-producing elite set itself above the disease-ridden masses?†. (Diamond, 1987) Is it possible that the foundation of all complex social structures is as simple as the more cunning mooching off of the farmers and artisans since the settling of that culture, or is a social hierarchy and king a natural and necessary component to the survival of advanced people groups? Ancient Egypt and Early China, though continents and ideologies apart, both depended upon a king leader to rule over those in their territories. Despite fundamental differences, each society developed a clear social hierarchy with the foundation of advanced civilization being the lesser educated workers or slaves, and being lead byShow MoreRelatedComparing The River Valley Civilizations1509 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting River Valley Civilizations In the following treatise, the research that will be presented will provide criteria involving similarities and differences in three attributes of life in the four primary river valley civilizations. 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Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools Free Essays

Cause and Effects of Drug use in High schools The use of drug is becoming prevalence in today’s society. Drug abuse is referred to as intake of drugs by over does of the prescribed drug given by medical personnel or taking drugs on an individual’s personal interest or influence by some groups of people. Indeed, the term drug abuse is used to indicate excessiveness and frequent consumption of drugs regardless of whether an individual is depending on it or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drug abuse is chemical substances that exert mood-altering effects on the brain and which are capable of producing addiction. They are abused for the feelings they produce. Drug use commonly begins in high school, usually with nicotine from cigarettes. The first cause is simple curiosity. Many teens have heard about drugs can be fun, can make a person feel and act different, and they are curious to experience them for themselves. Peer group influence is also one of the causes. The type of friend individual associate and relate with could lead one to partake in drug abuse. Young people take drugs to feel cool and impress their friends. Some teens will do whatever their friends do, just to fit in and follow the crowd. They don’t want to be the only one not doing something; even it is something dangerous. Another reason young people take drugs is to escape their reality. Maybe their home life is not happy, maybe they have a boring job, or under lots of pressure in high school. In this case, they take drugs to get away that unhappy reality. They can feel a little braver, stronger, smarter, more beautiful or more important. Of course this doesn’t last long, but that doesn’t matter. For the brief time that the drugs are taking affect, the user can forget about the problems, responsibilities and limitations of everyday life, and escape to a fantasy world. This is why they are so attractive to young people and despite their dangers. However, drug abuse can lead to drug dependence. It can damage the systems in the body, lead to nervous problem, and causes other health hazards. Internal organs could be equally affected by drug and substance abuse. The symptoms are increase heart and breathing rates and blood pressure, and decrease appetite. Side-effects can include sweating, dry mouth, blurred vision, insomnia, and dizziness. In addition users can feel restless, anxious and moody, become excitable and have a false sense of power and security. Moreover, complaints of indiscipline in the school are mostly because of drug abuse. Drug abuse could also causes mental illness with the consequence of drop-out of school. It could cause decline in the societal moral and cultural values. The violent tendencies are also associated with drug abuse. According to those, abuse of drugs affects a person’s physical or emotional conditions, even both. Drug abuse can lead to poor performance of the students in the schools. Since majority of drug abuse among youths start in high schools, the facilities can have early detection and prevention by teach students the effect of drug use. Word count: 504 How to cite Cause and Effects of Drug Use in High Schools, Essay examples

Government Regulation Essay Example For Students

Government Regulation Essay Government RegulationThroughout history there have been many different opinions aboutgovernment regulation. Some believe the government regulates business too muchothers feel that the government does not do enough. I believe the government isregulating business far too much and furthermore putting businesses out ofbusiness and causing many workers to lose jobs. In this paper I will point outthe common problems dealing with government regulation. I will also focus onthree major aspects of government regulation which include: 1) regulationinterferes with production by halting innovation and discouraging risk taking,resulting in declining employment, 2) government over regulates by settingstandards for every aspect of manufacture when it could allow businesses to setoverall objectives for their business, 3) regulation cost too much in businesscompliance, which is passed on to the consumer and finally forces the companyout of business. The objectives of safety and health will better be a chieved inthe absence of government regulation. Government regulatory agencies have spentbillions of dollars and there is little evidence that the world is any betteroff than it was without the agencies and costly reforms. When reading furtherask yourself the question, does the costs or regulation out weigh the benefits,I believe they do not. Regulatory programs normally are started by a group of people with asingle interest and pressure the government and people to believe that there isa major crisis, creating panic to an alleged problem. When this happens itpressures Congress to pass a reform law in fear of not being reelected. Mediagroups also aid in creating panic by focusing on the bad and not the possiblesolutions to fix the problem. What happens is Congress passes a reform thatthey have little thought over and create costly new standards that could makelittle difference in the world. A good example of this happened during theadoption of the auto emission standards of 1970. When Congress passed a billwith little debate and few people having any idea on what the bill was about,creating costly reforms and forcing cut backs on business expenses. In all ofthe cases of 1970 the Congress chose to regulate instead of the alternatives;court penalties for polluters, tax penalties for employers with poor safetyrecords, or gov ernment-funded information programs. If the health and safetyregulators were created in response to nonexistent crises, it is not surprisingthey have made little impact on morality rates.(Crickmer 1980)Sam Peltzman, University of Chicago economist, did a cost-benefitanalysis of the drug regulations that followed the thalidomide tragedy in Europe. In his analysis he focused on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which isalike the older single-industry regulators and some of its problems are typicalof most health and safety regulation. He found that the new drug laws werecosting far more than the benefits achieved. In Britain more lives were beingsaved than in the U.S. due to the fewer restrictions on new drugs unlike the U.S. which have conservative policies towards new drugs. Regulation interferes with production and halts innovation and risktaking resulting in declining employment. This is to say, because of regulationcosts, the businesses do not have enough money to invest in taking risks withnew ideas and technology. This does not allow the company to expand and hiremore workers. Regulation over regulates by setting standards for every aspectof manufacture rather than setting overall objectives that businesses could meetin whatever ways they devise. This would allow companies to focus on theproblems at hand rather than spending money for the mandatory regulatory reformsthat do not apply to their business. Regulation costs too much in businesswhich is passed on to the consumer, and in increased government payrolls. Ifthe regulation costs were cut back it would allow businesses to lower theirprices and allow a fair price for the consumer. In some cases governmentregulation will drive weak companies out of business and the standard of livingof those affec ted will go down. .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .postImageUrl , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:hover , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:visited , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:active { border:0!important; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:active , .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc9586e41024173c80776158f33964ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Al Gore: Presidential Candidate EssayAs you can see, the objectives of safety, health, and productivity willbe better achieved in the absence of government regulation. With lessregulation businesses will offer more and better technology, improved drugs tocare for the sick, and allow a greater employment rate. In governmentregulation the costs do not out weigh the benefits and unfortionatly do moreharm than good.